The diversity of the techniques and tools of yoga are endless and impossible to classify. The distinction between the styles is mainly in emphasis and approach, and this because of the broad range of human inclinations.
You may hear of Raja yoga, the royal path, with its focus on meditation.
Jana yoga is
the
path of knowledge or study - study of the authoritative scriptural texts (the
Vedas and Upanishads) and practice of Sanskrit grammar. Karma yoga is the path
of action or selfless service, such as volunteering in hospitals, sweeping the
streets. Bhakti yoga, the yoga of devotion, love or worship. Maybe you have
heard of Hari Krishna. Tantra yoga, the most misunderstood and misinterpreted
style, follows the pathway of ritual and visualisation ('tantra' means continuity,
expansion). It ritualises all the activities of one's life, and interestingly,
while it may include consecrated sexual union, most tantra schools recommend
a celibate lifestyle.
Hatha yoga is the most well known branch in the West, perhaps because of
the primacy of the physical body in our worldview. It integrates and balances
our anatomical, physiological, energetic, rational and emotional selves. One
possible explanation of the term hatha is sun moon (Ha=sun, Tha=moon), another
wilful force. The differences here are also in emphasis, focusing on the alignment
of the body, coordination of breath and movement or flow from one pose to
another. The Iyengar style is known for great attention to detail and precise
alignment, but also in using props such as blocks and belts). Integral yoga
puts as much attention on the science of the breath (pranayama) and meditation
as they do on postures. The Sivananda school adopts a similar approach. Bikram
yoga, or Hot yoga, in which you perform a series of 26 postures in a preheated
(40 degrees) room. Vinni yoga, a gentle practice where postures are synchronised
with the breath in sequences determined by the need of the practitioner. Ashtanga,
based on six series of postures (called also 'asana' in Sanskrit) developed
by K. Pattabhi Jois is more physically demanding; it is a style where jumps,
a specific breath (Ujjayi) and attention on the gaze are used, building strength
and flexibility. The so-called Power yoga is based on the Ashtanga series.
These are just a few of the styles that you can find in yoga studios or gyms.
No style is better than another, it is simply a matter of personal preference.
The best is to try a few different classes and to stick with your favorite
style. No words replace personal experience!
Yoga's roots stretch back thousands of years, the Sanskrit word meaning to unite. This union may be understood at many levels, including the union of body and mind, movement and breath, action and awareness, subject and object. The idea is integration, balance and equilibrium.